Intensive Care Medicine (ICM) Practice Exam

Which imaging study is often utilized for evaluating patients with suspected pericardial effusion?

1. Chest X-ray

2. CT scan

3. Ultrasound

4. MRI

The correct answer is: Ultrasound

The utilization of ultrasound for evaluating patients with suspected pericardial effusion is highly effective due to its non-invasive nature and ability to provide real-time imaging. Ultrasound is particularly valuable because it can accurately visualize the pericardial space and detect fluid accumulation around the heart. This modality allows for the assessment of the size, amount, and even the characteristics of the effusion, helping to determine its clinical significance. Additionally, ultrasound can be performed at the bedside, making it an ideal choice in critical care settings where rapid diagnosis is essential. It does not involve radiation exposure, which is advantageous, especially in younger patients or those requiring multiple follow-up examinations. While options such as chest X-ray, CT scan, and MRI have their roles in cardiac imaging, they are not the primary tools for evaluating pericardial effusion. Chest X-rays can indicate the presence of an effusion but lack sensitivity for small amounts of fluid. CT scans offer detailed images of the thoracic structures but are less practical for real-time assessment and often require transport of the patient. MRI may provide exquisite detail but is typically reserved for specific cases where other modalities do not provide enough information and is less accessible in emergency situations. In summary, ultrasound stands out as